What type of malware encrypts files and demands payment for access?

• A. Adware
• B. Spyware
• C. Ransomware
• D. Virus

Answer: (C)

Ransomware is a type of malware specifically designed to encrypt files on a victim's computer or network and then demand a ransom payment in exchange for the decryption key needed to access those files again. This form of cyberattack exploits users' urgency and fear, as they may lose access to important data if they do not comply with the ransom demand.

In contrast, adware is typically used to display advertisements on a user’s device and does not focus on encrypting files for ransom. Spyware, on the other hand, is malicious software that gathers user information without their knowledge, often monitoring browsing habits and collecting personal data. Finally, a virus is a type of malware that attaches itself to clean files and spreads throughout a network, but it does not primarily focus on encryption for ransom purposes. Each of these other types of malware has distinct behaviors and goals, clearly differentiating them from ransomware.